voluntary resignation

I’m not a lawyer, I’m not your lawyer, this is not legal advice, offer not valid in Alaska, Hawaii or Puerto Rico, no warranty, either express or implied, is offered, do not pass go, do not collect $200

With all that out of the way: This “voluntary resignation” garbage is their way of getting out of paying unemployment. If you’re ever in a situation like this where they change job requirements and tell you that if you don’t meet the new requirements you’ve “voluntarily resigned” call them on it. Keep doing the job as you did it before the change and make them fire you. For purposes of collecting unemployment, making broad unilateral changes to job requirements is called “constructive dismissal” and you’d still qualify to collect, but if you just don’t show up at all, turn in your 2 weeks or sign a letter of voluntary resignation then for unemployment purposes you’re considered to have quit rather than been fired and you can’t collect. If they tell you you have to come back to the office and you’re ready to quit about it just keep working from home til they fire you.

Basically (very basically, laws vary state by state and this isn’t a perfect summary of any one state’s laws) the law says that employers are free to ask something different of employees after hire, but that after a certain point changes to the job requirements effectively mean that the employee is now working an entirely different job than what they were hired for. When changes are enough to constitute constructive dismissal the state is essentially treating it as though the employer fired the employee from the original job and simultaneously offered them a new one. Turning down that new job does not disqualify them from collecting unemployment for the old one. This concept was originally implemented to stop employers from avoiding unemployment charges by cutting an employee down to one hour per week or forcing them to work shifts opposite what they signed on for, then hoping they’ll quit rather than be fired. I haven’t seen whether return to office mandates constitute constructive dismissal, and I imagine it will be highly dependent on location and facts (were you hired remote or did you transition to remote from in-office and was the remote status communicated as temporary or permanent/a perk of the job are two that leap to mind). This is why I only recommend following this strategy if you intended to quit anyway. If you want to keep your job do what they tell you to do.