I’m in the process of designing a home server and am curious how many ethernet ports are required at minimum and how many people recommend. The single board computer (SBC) I plan to use has two built in and has a pcie slot to add four more if necessary. If I don’t need the four extra I’d like to use the pcie slot for a pcie Coral Edge TPU (preferred over the USB variant but still an option).

I expect to plan to use the server to connect to my home network so any device on the network via WiFi can access NextCloud. Besides that I want to use Frigate in another container for home video surveillance. I don’t know if I can or want to yet also add a Plex or Jellyfin instance to then connect to my TV or use a separate SBC for that.

What are your thoughts? I’m new to all of these things and just don’t want to waste money on the wrong hardware. Thanks!

    • thejevans@lemmy.mlEnglish
      14·
      1 year ago

      Off the top of my head, here are a few scenarios where you would like multiple network ports, none of which you are likely to need to worry about.

      1. You only have gigabit network devices, but you’re running a file server that you expect to often have multiple devices utilizing concurrently, so you connect all those devices to the same switch that the file server is plugged into and you implement bonding to increase the throughput to/from the server.
      2. You are virtualizing a router, so you need a WAN port as well as a LAN port.
      3. You have mostly gigabit devices, but you want a really fast connection between two servers or between your server and a workstation, so you add 10 Gbps or higher network cards to those machines and you connect them directly.
      4. You’re running a high-availability cluster and you want to use a ceph pool, so you use a second network port on each device for the ceph network.
      • sic_semper_tyrannis@feddit.chOPEnglish
        1·
        1 year ago

        #1 seems like something I understand and could use but doubt I really need that. The other things you mention I don’t fully understand what they are and since you say I probably don’t need to worry about them then I won’t.

        I believe I’ll need to use a second port to add an ePOE hub for a few cameras though.

        Thank you!

        • peregus@lemmy.worldEnglish
          2·
          1 year ago

          I would segregate the CCTV stuff on a separate VLAN since most likely it will be available from Internet. Since you are planning to use frigate and not connect directly to each single camera, place a firewall rule that block Internet access to them (or at least don’t add the gateway).

        • thejevans@lemmy.mlEnglish
          1·
          1 year ago

          I believe I’ll need to use a second port to add an ePOE hub for a few cameras though.

          You mean a POE network switch? You can run POE powered devices on the same network as everything else, so you don’t need an extra port for that.

          • sic_semper_tyrannis@feddit.chOPEnglish
            1·
            1 year ago

            Specifically POE security cameras. So those can be connected to my all-in-one router and thus to my server running Frigate? That’s good to understand. Thank you

            • _TK@lemmy.antemeridiem.xyzEnglish
              1·
              1 year ago

              They can only be connected to your router if the router has POE support. If it doesn’t, you will need a separate switch that has POE ports. Many POE cameras etc are sold with power injectors. You plug the Ethernet from the router into the injector, plug the injector into a wall outlet, then run Ethernet from the injector to the device. If you don’t want to get a whole new switch with POE ports, you could get POE that way.

    • MigratingtoLemmy@lemmy.worldEnglish
      2·
      1 year ago

      Adding to thejevans’ answer, if you were running a network analysis tool like Snort, it would be easier if you had multiple ports.

    • FiveMacs@lemmy.caEnglish
      2·
      1 year ago

      Backup internet, eg two ISPs supplying internet to your house.

      Two (or more) seperate networks that need access to the same server. This is done so is network A is down, network B can still access the server.

      I still don’t fully understand your question. You NEED at least one rj45 to supply network access to the server. (I’m ignoring the fact that wifi exists)

      • sic_semper_tyrannis@feddit.chOPEnglish
        1·
        1 year ago

        I didn’t know you could have to ISPs connected to one device. I won’t be requiring that however. I was wondering if besides the one port to connect my server to the router there was anything else I was missing or is commonly used that I should be aware of to take up another port.

        • FiveMacs@lemmy.caEnglish
          2·
          1 year ago

          Well they would be going to the router and the router would be handling it, but you could still have seperate feeds from the router on lan/opt ports to the device.dont think they will both function at the same time though, system needs priorities

          • grahamsz@kbin.social
            2·
            1 year ago

            I’ve seen it done in data center environments where there are two connections to two different switches - so you can do maintenance on either switch without downtime.

            Same reason for having dual power feeds to each machine.

    • MajinBlayze@lemm.eeEnglish
      2·
      1 year ago

      Are you confusing “ports” with “interfaces”? I can see that happening since we do colloquially refer to both as ports depending on context.

      Each service will bind to it’s own “port” which is tied up by that service. However each interface (the external physical connection) supports like 65,000 software ports.

      So in practice, no, you don’t usually need more than one physical network connection to run multiple services.

      • sic_semper_tyrannis@feddit.chOPEnglish
        1·
        1 year ago

        I didn’t know that you could have two “interfaces” vs “ports”. I was talking about the physical ports knowing this. This helps me understand what @fiivemacs means. I’m definitely not going to be using more than one provider. Thank you!

    • cmnybo@discuss.tchncs.deEnglish
      1·
      1 year ago

      I have two ports bonded on my server to get more speed, but I could get by with a single port just fine.
      If you need to connect to multiple networks you can use VLANs and a single ethernet port if you want to.

        • cmnybo@discuss.tchncs.deEnglish
          1·
          1 year ago

          Bonding is using multiple ports for increased throughput or redundancy. I have my server set to balance-alb which will share the load over both ports when transferring data between two or more computers. It will not increase the throughput to a single computer though.