The US government is forcing Google and Apple to share push notification data with them. Even if the content is not sent, the metadata alone can let them know who you are talking to and when using metadata correlation.
Signal push notifications don’t contain any useful plain text data (no content, no information about who sent you a message). AFAIK the only thing you would be leaking is that you received a message on signal, and frankly that metadata is probably going to be leaked to the US government regardless of your use of push notifications.
They can tell you connect to AWS when the Signal app fetches messages after a notification, they need to be able to peek into Amazon’s servers to see you’re connecting specifically to Signal
AWS is not a black box from the outside. The signal servers will have their own external IP addresses that you will connect with, your ISP could keep track of those connections. Furthermore, if you are worried that the government is using your ISP to spy, what makes you think that AWS wouldn’t be subject to that as well? Signal is absolutely a target in this respect too.
Of course you can do various things to potentially hide your connection to signal, for instance by using tor, but in some sense there’s no guarantee if you don’t trust anything external to you. I’m personally not too worried about the “this person uses signal” metadata, though.
There’s not enough unique IP addresses to distinguish Signal servers, if you don’t explicitly set up static IP addresses you’re going to share an IP pool
The signal servers will absolutely have public and static IP addresses. You would not be able to connect to them reliably if they could change at any time and you had to rely upon DNS updates to find the server. AWS is not magic.
And yes, AWS has IP ranges allocated to it that they pull their public IPs from, that’s all that link is talking about — this page even provides the context that the IP ranges are available in order to identify which traffic is coming from AWS in order to allow / disallow it. Of course the AWS IP allocations won’t tell you which IP is associated with which service (and indeed many IPs, particularly in the IPv6 space, are probably not in use at all).
There’s not enough unique IP addresses to distinguish Signal servers
Why? Yes, IPv4 address exhaustion is a thing, and yes AWS only has a slice of IPv4 addresses to give, but you absolutely can get static public facing IPs from AWS that will be unique to your server. You can even pay for an elastic IP so you can hold a particular address and move it between instances. There is no way Signal does not do this.
Signal has native support for proxying via Tor in that case.
Yes, though the use case is mostly for getting around censorship. Realistically if you don’t want the government to know you’re using Signal… Do you want them to know you use Tor?
FYI, SNI is a thing (included encrypted SNI these days) and you absolutely can share an IP among many many unrelated domains.
Domain lookups have a TTL (time to live) and they stop advertising IPs which they’ll stop using a little bit before those IP addresses are taken out of rotation. That’s why it doesn’t break even when addresses keep changing.
Signal have an active incentive NOT to use static IP addresses!
https://www.macrumors.com/2023/12/06/apple-governments-surveil-push-notifications/
The US government is forcing Google and Apple to share push notification data with them. Even if the content is not sent, the metadata alone can let them know who you are talking to and when using metadata correlation.
Signal push notifications don’t contain any useful plain text data (no content, no information about who sent you a message). AFAIK the only thing you would be leaking is that you received a message on signal, and frankly that metadata is probably going to be leaked to the US government regardless of your use of push notifications.
How?
Because your ISP and cell phone provider can tell you’re connecting to signal.
They can tell you connect to AWS when the Signal app fetches messages after a notification, they need to be able to peek into Amazon’s servers to see you’re connecting specifically to Signal
AWS is not a black box from the outside. The signal servers will have their own external IP addresses that you will connect with, your ISP could keep track of those connections. Furthermore, if you are worried that the government is using your ISP to spy, what makes you think that AWS wouldn’t be subject to that as well? Signal is absolutely a target in this respect too.
Of course you can do various things to potentially hide your connection to signal, for instance by using tor, but in some sense there’s no guarantee if you don’t trust anything external to you. I’m personally not too worried about the “this person uses signal” metadata, though.
There’s not enough unique IP addresses to distinguish Signal servers, if you don’t explicitly set up static IP addresses you’re going to share an IP pool
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/aws-ip-ranges.html#aws-ip-download
Sure they could tap into AWS (but it would be even easier to try to get data from Google Play Store on who has it installed).
Signal has native support for proxying via Tor in that case.
The signal servers will absolutely have public and static IP addresses. You would not be able to connect to them reliably if they could change at any time and you had to rely upon DNS updates to find the server. AWS is not magic.
And yes, AWS has IP ranges allocated to it that they pull their public IPs from, that’s all that link is talking about — this page even provides the context that the IP ranges are available in order to identify which traffic is coming from AWS in order to allow / disallow it. Of course the AWS IP allocations won’t tell you which IP is associated with which service (and indeed many IPs, particularly in the IPv6 space, are probably not in use at all).
Why? Yes, IPv4 address exhaustion is a thing, and yes AWS only has a slice of IPv4 addresses to give, but you absolutely can get static public facing IPs from AWS that will be unique to your server. You can even pay for an elastic IP so you can hold a particular address and move it between instances. There is no way Signal does not do this.
Yes, though the use case is mostly for getting around censorship. Realistically if you don’t want the government to know you’re using Signal… Do you want them to know you use Tor?
FYI, SNI is a thing (included encrypted SNI these days) and you absolutely can share an IP among many many unrelated domains.
Domain lookups have a TTL (time to live) and they stop advertising IPs which they’ll stop using a little bit before those IP addresses are taken out of rotation. That’s why it doesn’t break even when addresses keep changing.
Signal have an active incentive NOT to use static IP addresses!
https://support.signal.org/hc/en-us/articles/360007320291-Firewall-and-Internet-settings
Probably not, but you don’t need to run the Tor client on the phone, you can run an anonymous proxy and point your phone at it.
it’s not the content in the noti, it’s where your phone was connected when it received it
They get that from the carrier already
I mean… if you need to be worried about that, you really shouldn’t have a phone on you.